ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the morphologic changes of the tissue growing into the prefabricated pores on the surface of the silicone nasal implant.Methods:The silicone nasal implant with regularly arranged holes was cut into 1 cm-long segments and inserted to the forehead subperiosteal pockets of five female New Zealand white rabbits (1-year old) in the Animal Experiment Center of Dalian University. Three months later, the implant and its surrounding tissues were removed and observed after HE staining, β-catenin and vimentin immunohistochemical staining.Results:The capsule and its implant were visible to the naked eyes. The capsule was thin, and the white implant was seen through the capsule. The small pore of the implant showed darker color, indicating that the tissue here was thicker. The capsule was cut open and the capsule was torn off the implant. It could obviously be felt the resistance of the tissue in the small pores to the external pulling. Regular protrusions were found on the inner surface of the peeled capsule. No infection occurred in the surgery sites. Under the HE staining microscope, it was found that 100% pores in all the experimental samples were filled with the tissue. The thin capsule was formed around the implant. The capsule was continuously intact in and between the pores. No macrophages were seen. Some of the intracapsular tissues contained more fibers, and some were loose connective tissue. The immunohistochemical staining of β-catenin and vimentin showed that the tissue in the capsule was negative. Vimentin staining for the cytoplasmic scattered cells in the deep capsule tissue was positive.Conclusions:Based on the results of the experiments, it is concluded that the tissue can grow into the small pores of the implant. The capsules around the implant, which are smooth with protrusions, are connected on the surface of the implant and at the bottom of the pores. The protrusion pointing to the pores of implant is normal tissue covered by thin capsule.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate a fast-hardening strontium-calcium phosphate scaffold using a two-step reaction in room temperature.Methods The original powder phase consisted of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP),dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) and strontium hydrogen phosphate (DSPA).The liquid phase consisted of 20wt％ citric acid and 12wt％ polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30.Groups were designed as Sr-0,Sr-5,Sr-10,and Sr-20,according to the molar ratios of Sr/(Sr + Ca) being 0,5％,10％,and 20％ in the powder phase,respectively.The ratio 0.5 mL/g in the liquid to solid phase was used for mixing.After the scaffold was prepared,its setting time,compression strength,phase composition and structural morphology,ions release and pH value of the substrates were analyzed.Results Addition of citric acid accelerated the setting reaction.Acceptable setting time was achieved by optimizing composition of the original powder and liquid phases.On the other hand,the compression strength,phase composition and structural morphology were not affected by addition of strontium.In addition,calcium and strontium ions were detected in the substrates,without any significant change in the pH value.Conclusion This two-step reaction can be used to prepare a fast hardening strontium-calcium phosphate scaffold in room temperature.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the layers of the facial and angular arteries between the orbital notch and the antegonial notch.Methods Anatomical studies were performed on 5 cases of adult cadavers (10 sides).Parallel lines were drawn on each cadaver through the position of the orbital incise,inner canthus,above of wing nose,nasal wing point,mouth angle,anterior incise.When the region of the arterial level changes,the parallel lines could be temporarily divided.The levels of the arteries that appeared on every horizontal line were recorded.Results The surface artery between the orbital notch (including the supraorbital notch) and the inner canthus (including the inner cantholes) was mainly in the orbicularis muscle layer.In the middle of the inner canthus and the highest point of the nasal wing,1/3 of the arteries were mainly walking in the orbicularis orbicularis muscular layer,and the next 1/3 were mainly located in the superficial layer or subcutaneous fat layer of the orbicularis oculi muscle.The highest point of the nose wing was found in the middle of the subcutaneous fat.The main line between the top of the nose and the lower part of the nose was deep in the subcutaneous fat.At the bottom of the nose,the main line was located in the fat layer of the zygomaticus,the zygomaticus maximus.In the middle and upper part of the nose and the middle of the mouth,a third of the main lines were walking in the lower fat layer (from shallow to deep) under the zygomaticus,and the next 1/3 segment was found in the subcutaneous fat deep.On the outside of the corner of the mouth,the main line was walking the subcutaneous fat layer or the lower fat layer of the platysma.Conclusions This study preliminarily clarifies the walking level of the facial artery from the upper orbital notch and the anterior notch of the angle.Bearing in mind the depth and the location of the vasculature within each zone,clinical practitioners can tailor their injection techniques to prevent vessel injury and avoid cannulation.